TOEFL
(Test of English as a Foreign Language)
adalah ujian untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan berbahasa inggris bagi orang yang
bukan pengguna asli bahasa inggris. Tes ini dikeluarkan oleh ETS (Educational Testing Service) di New
Jersey. Dulu, di Indonesia TOEFL hanya menjadi syarat kelulusan bagi mahasiswa
jurusan bahasa inggris, namun sekarang meluas menjadi syarat kelulusan berbagai
jurusan, syarat mengambil beasiswa, hingga syarat melamar pekerjaan dan
kenaikan jabatan.
Tes
TOEFL memiliki tiga jenis utama, yaitu PBT (Paper Based Test) yang menggunakan
kertas, CBT (Computer Based Test)
yang menggunakan komputer, dan iBT (internet
Based Computer) yang menggunakan internet. Jika dilihat dari materi
ujiannya paper test dan computer test sama-sama tidak memasukan
materi speaking. Sementara internet test
memasukkan materi speaking ke dalam soal ujian.
Secara
umum, TOEFL terdiri atas empat bagian, yaitu:
1. Listening
comprehension (keahlian mendengar),
2. Structure and written expression (penguasaan
tata bahasa),
3. Reading comprehension
(keahlian membaca),
4. Test of written English
(keahlian menulis)
Seperti soal-soal section lainnya
(Listening dan Reading), soal dari Structure and Written Expression berbentuk
multiple choice (pilihan ganda). Structure
and written expression berguna untuk menguji penguasaan unsur gramatikal
dalam tata bahasa inggris. Peserta tes harus memilih cara yang tepat untuk
melengkapi kalimat atau menemukan kesalahan dalam kalimat. Umumnya Structure and Written Expression terdiri
dari 40 soal dengan waktu 25 menit. Dalam Structure and Written Expression terdapat dua bentuk pertanyaan, yaitu structure yang terdiri dari 15 butir
soal (1-15), dan written expression yang terdiri dari 25 soal (16-40). Structure and Written Expression terdiri
atas berbagai skill. Skill yang akan dibahas kali ini adalah skill 4.
Skill
4: Present Participles
Present
participle yaitu Verb + ing: talking, playing, watching,dll.
Bentuk present participle dapat menjadi pengecoh dalam soal tes
Structure TOEFL. Present participle bisa saja menjadi adjective (kata
sifat) yang umumnya menjelaskan subjek layaknya appositive atau menjadi
bagian dari kata keja (verb) ketika di dahului oleh be (am, is, are, was,
were).
1. The
man is talking to his friend.
Present participle talking pada kalimat ini merupakan
bagian dari kata kerja karena di dahului oleh be (is).
2. The
man talking to his friend has a beard.
Present participle talking pada kalimat ini merupakan
sebuah adjective (menjelaskan mengenai laki-laki itu) dan bukan
sebagai bagian dari kata kerja karena tidak di dahului oleh be.
Contoh
Soal TOEFL terkait Present Participle
The child _____
playing in the yard is my son.
a) now
b) is
c) he
d) was
Pada kalimat di
atas kita bisa melihat bahwa kalimat tersebut sudah mempunyai subjek (the
child) dan verb (is). Jadi kata present participle
playing merupakan sebuah adjective sehingga tidak
butuh be sebelumnya. Olehnya jawaban b) is dan d)
was tidak dibutuhkan oleh kalimat di atas (jawaban salah). Kalimat di atas
sudah sempurna karena sudah mempunyai subjek dan verb sehingga tidak
butuh lagi kata kerja (is/was) atau subjek (he) sehingga
c) he juga salah. Jadi jawaban paling tepat yaitu a) now
(adverb).
Contoh
Soal Skill 4
Each of the
following sentences contains one or more present participles. Underline the
subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the present participles and label
them as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or
incorrect (I).
_______1.
The companies offering the lowest prices will have the
most customers.
_______2. Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate Three.
_______3. The artisans were demonstrating various handicrafts at booths throughout the fair.
_______4. The fraternities are giving the wildest parties attract the most new pledges.
_______5. The first team winning four games is awarded the championship.
_______6. The speaker was trying to make his point was often interrupted vociferously.
_______7. The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them to market.
_______8. Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate form.
_______9. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of attention.
_______10. The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive
_______2. Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate Three.
_______3. The artisans were demonstrating various handicrafts at booths throughout the fair.
_______4. The fraternities are giving the wildest parties attract the most new pledges.
_______5. The first team winning four games is awarded the championship.
_______6. The speaker was trying to make his point was often interrupted vociferously.
_______7. The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them to market.
_______8. Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate form.
_______9. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of attention.
_______10. The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive
Kunci jawaban:
___C___1. The companies offering the
lowest prices will have the most customers.
___I___ 2. Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate Three.
___C___ 3. The artisans were demonstrating various handicrafts at booths throughout the fair.
___I___ 2. Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate Three.
___C___ 3. The artisans were demonstrating various handicrafts at booths throughout the fair.
___I___ 4.
The fraternities are giving the wildest parties attract the
most new pledges.
___C___5.The first team winning four
games is awarded the championship.
___I___ 6.
The speaker was trying to make his
point was often interrupted vociferously.
___C___7. The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them to market.
___C___8. Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate form.
___ I___9. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of attention.
___C__ 10. The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive.
___C___7. The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them to market.
___C___8. Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate form.
___ I___9. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of attention.
___C__ 10. The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive.
Keterangan:
Pada
kalimat 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, dan 10 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang benar (sudah
terdapat subjek dan verb) beserta penggunaan present
participle telah benar. Pada kalimat 2, 4, 6, 9 merupkan bentuk kalimat
salah karena mempunyai double verb.
Sumber:
Al Huda,
Zin-Giber. 2014. Top Fokus TOEFL.
Surabaya: Genta Group Production.
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